1. Past Simple (Pretérito Indefinido / Pretérito Perfecto Simple):

• Introduce the concept of the past simple tense as the equivalent of the English simple past tense.
• Present regular verb conjugation patterns for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs and explain the different endings.
• Teach the most common irregular verbs in the past simple tense, such as “ser,” “ir,” “estar,” “tener,” etc.
• Cover the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of regular and irregular verbs.

2. Past Continuous (Pretérito Imperfecto):

• Explain that the past continuous tense corresponds to the English past progressive tense.
• Form the past continuous tense using the imperfect tense of the verb “estar” + gerund (-ando/-iendo form of the main verb).
• Contrast the use of the past continuous with the past simple tense, focusing on ongoing actions in the past.

3. Past Perfect (Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto):

• Introduce the past perfect tense as the equivalent of the English past perfect tense.
• Teach the formation of the past perfect tense using the past tense of the verb “haber” + past participle of the main verb.
• Illustrate the use of the past perfect to describe actions that occurred before another past event or point in time.

4. Past Perfect Continuous (Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto Continuo):

• Explain that the past perfect continuous corresponds to the English past perfect continuous tense.
• Form the past perfect continuous tense using the past tense of the verb “haber” + “estado” + gerund of the main verb.
• Emphasize actions that started in the past and continued up to a specific point in the past.

5. Past Simple vs. Past Continuous:

• Highlight the differences in usage between completed actions with a specific time (past simple) and ongoing actions in the past (past continuous).
• Provide examples and exercises to practice choosing the appropriate tense based on context.

6. Past Simple vs. Present Perfect:

• Contrast completed actions in the past (past simple) with actions that have relevance to the present (present perfect).
• Clarify that the past simple tense refers to specific past events, while the present perfect focuses on past actions with present implications.

7. Past Simple vs. Past Perfect:

• Differentiate between completed actions at a specific time (past simple) and actions that occurred before another past event (past perfect).
• Explain that the past perfect is often used in combination with the past simple to show a sequence of events.

8. Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous:

• Help learners recognize ongoing actions up to a specific point in the past (past continuous) and actions that continued until a past time (past perfect continuous).
• Provide examples and exercises to reinforce the distinction between the two tenses.

9. Preterite vs. Imperfect:

• Introduce the preterite and imperfect past tenses and their different uses in Spanish.
• Teach the conjugation patterns of regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in the preterite and imperfect tenses.
• Focus on the specific uses of each tense, such as completed actions (preterite) vs. descriptions and ongoing actions (imperfect).

10. Stative Verbs in the Past: – Explain the concept of stative verbs, which express states of being or mental states and are not commonly used in continuous tenses. – Provide a list of common stative verbs in Spanish and explain their conjugation in the past tenses.

11. Past Indefinite (Pretérito Indefinido): – Mention that some regions use the past indefinite tense, which is similar to the past simple but with regional variations. – Provide examples and discuss the situations where the past indefinite tense might be used.

12. Past Subjunctive (Pretérito de Subjuntivo): – Introduce the concept of the past subjunctive mood and its use in expressing doubt, desire, emotions, etc., in the past. – Present regular and irregular verb conjugations in the past subjunctive tense. – Offer examples to practice using the past subjunctive in different contexts.

13. Past Subjunctive vs. Past Indicative: – Compare and contrast the past subjunctive and past indicative moods to understand when to use each one in different situations. – Provide exercises to reinforce the correct use of each mood in the past tense.

14. Past Perfect Subjunctive (Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo): – Teach the formation and usage of the past perfect subjunctive, which is used to express actions that occurred before another past event in a subjunctive context. – Provide examples and exercises to practice using the past perfect subjunctive.

15. Common Expressions in the Past Tenses: – Compile a list of phrases, idioms, and expressions commonly used in the past tenses to enrich learners’ vocabulary.